Explain what a specific vulnerability is, describe 2 famous attacks

Most cyber-attacks happen because vulnerabilities in system or application software. Buffer Overflow, SQL Injection, Code/OS Command Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Cross-Site Request Forgery and Race Conditions are very common vulnerabilities. (Refer to both NIST/DHS and MITRE databases of common vulnerabilities (http://nvd.nist.gov/cwe.cfm; http://cwe.mitre.org/top25/).) For this conference, explain what a specific vulnerability is, describe a famous attack that leveraged it (For example, the Morris worm leveraged the buffer overflow vulnerability), and how it can be prevented/minimized.